This value is then used to calculate a new approximation to A r(e), and the process repeated until the values no longer vary (given the relative uncertainty of the measurement, 2.1×10 −9): this happens by the fourth cycle of iterations for these results, giving A r(e) = 5.485799111(12)×10 −4 for these data. The new values are available from ArXiv arXiv:1507.07956v1, from the CODATA Zenodo Collection and from the NIST website on ‘Constants’ Units and Uncertainty’ /constants. (e.g., electron mass, most misspellings okay). This approximate value is then used to calculate a first approximation to A r( 12C 6+), knowing that E b( 12C)/ m u c 2 (from the sum of the six ionization energies of carbon) is 1.1058674×10 −6: A r( 12C 6+) ≈ 11.9967087236367. The NIST Reference on Constants, Units and Uncertainty, Information at the foundation of. Such correction is only substantial for electrons accelerated by voltages of well over 100 kV.įor example, the relativistic expression for the total energy, E, of an electron moving at speed \displaystyleĪs the relative atomic mass of 12C 6+ ions is very nearly 12, the ratio of frequencies can be used to calculate a first approximation to A r(e), 5.4863037178×10 −4. If the electron is moving at a relativistic velocity, any measurement must use the correct expression for mass. Most practical measurements are carried out on moving electrons. In the revised SI, e is equal to 1.602176634 × 10-19 coulombs. It’s connected to electromagnetism, one of the four forces of nature. corrections to the SET charge quantum 11. e is the amount of charge in an electron. The term "rest mass" is sometimes used because in special relativity the mass of an object can be said to increase in a frame of reference that is moving relative to that object (or if the object is moving in a given frame of reference). Abstract and Figures surprisingly little theoretical or experimental investigation of.
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